Present Perfect Tense

Form:

            has/have + (not) + V3                            - Active

            has/have + (not) + been + V3             - Passive

            Has/Have + Sub + V3 …?                     - Question

 

rSwfcsuf/      /

Subjectonf (Verb) ukd jyKvkyfEkdifvQif Active

Subjectonf (Verb) ukd rjyKvkyfEkdifygu Passive

 Adverb( just, always, already..) ygvmygu Active Voice wGif (Main Verb) a&SU Passive Voice wGif (Be) a&SU xm;íjyefa&;yg/                         

e.g.

1. I (be) in this classroom for an hour.               

- I have been in this classroom for an hour.

 

2. They (already have) their lunch.                     

- They have already had their lunch.

 

3. His new book (just publish).                            

- His new book has just been published.

 

4. How long you (be) here?                                             

- How long have you been here?

 

5. He (not, finish) his work yet.                           

- He has not finished his work yet.

 

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Past Continuous Tense

Form:                         

was/were + (not) + V-ing                     - Active

was/were + (not) + being + V3           - Passive

Was/Were + Sub + V-ing…?                - Question

 rSwfcsuf/      /

Subjectonf (Verb) ukd jyKvkyfEkdifvQif Active

Subjectonf (Verb) ukd rjyKvkyfEkdifygu Passive

Adverb ygvmygu (Main Verb) a&SUwGifxm;íjyefa&;yg/

e.g.

1. The visitor came while we (have) our dinner.

The visitor came while we were having our dinner.

 

2. These exercise books (correct) by the teacher when the bell rang.

These exercise books are being corrected by the teacher when the bell rang.

 

3. He jumped off the bus while it (move).

He jumped off the bus while it was moving.

 

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be about to+ V1

Use:           

to show an action is very near to happening

Form:          

(Present)     am, is, are   + about to + V1

(Past)             was, were   + about to + V1

(Future)         will be        + about to + V1

                                                    about to + be + V3        -Passive

rSwfcsuf/      / ay;xm;0gus&Sdtcsdefjy clause bufrS Verb onf (V1=Present) jzpfu am, is, are ukdokH;/ (V2=Past) jzpfu was,were ukdokH;/ tem*gwfumvukdjyqkdu will be ukdokH;/ to aemufwGif V1 &kd;&kd;jzpf&rnf/  e.g.

1. When the rain starts, the farmers (plough) the fields.

When the rain starts, the farmers are about to plough the fields.

2. "Thura", his father said angrily, "I (hit) you."

"Thura", his father said angrily, "I am/will be about to hit you

3. She (fall) down when I caught hold of her hand.

She was about to fall down when I caught hold of her hand.

4. The naughty boy (beat) by his father when his mother requested husband not to do so.

The naughty boy was about to be beaten by his father when his mother requested husband not to do so.

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either...or/ neither...nor

Forms:          

(+) either        + S/V/O/A/C /Cl+ or      + S/V/O/A/C/Cl     (II=I)

(+) neither     + S/V/O/A/C /Cl+ nor   + S/V/O/A/C/Cl     (II=0)

               

rSwfcsuf/      /ay;xm;0gus&SdrwlonfYclause element ESpfckkukkd&SmNyD;quf/Positive Statement 0gusrsm; jzpfu either…or ukdokH;/ Negative Statement 0gusrsm;jzpfuneither…nor ukdokH;/subject ESpfckqufvQif verb onf teD;qkH; subject ESifY enf;^rsm;nD&rnf/ Verbtykdif;ukdqufygu main verb ukdomquf/ neither…nor ukdokH;ygu notukdjyefrxnfU&/clause element ESifYtwGJvkdufjzpfaeaom article(a,an,the), possessive (my, his, our..), preposition (by,with..), modifiers ponfYwkdYukdbkHxkwfra&;&/

e.g.

1. You are to pay for this book. I am to pay for this book.

Either you or I am to pay for this book.

2. I don't eat beef. My sister doesn't eat beef.

Neither I nor my sister eats beef.

3. Thura will leave tomorrow. Thura will stay another week.

Thura will either leave tomorrow or stay another week.

4. Thura is not in class today. Thura is not at home today.

Thura is neither in class nor at home today.

5. Putao can't be reached by car. Putao can't be reached by train.

Putao can be reached neither by car nor by train.

6. Take medicine. Go to see a doctor.

Either take medicine or go to see a doctor.

7. Do not jump. Do not run.

Neither jump nor run.

 

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so...that

Use:               to show result

Form:           so + Adj/Adv + that + Sent.      

rSwfcsuf/      /Adj/Adv a&SUwGif (very, too, quite, rather, extremely ponfwkdYygvmujzKwf)so xnfU/ 0gusESpfckMum; that xnfY/

(many, much, few… ponfwkdYonfvnf; Adjective jzpfaMumif;owdjyKyg/)

e.g.

1. Thura is very clever. He can answer all the questions.

Thura is so clever that he can answer all the questions.

2. Thura played the guitar quite well. Everybody was pleased with him.

Thura played the guitar so well that everybody was pleased with him.

(purpose>

Thura played the guitar well so that everybody was pleased with him.)

3. She was rather selfish. He decided to leave her.

She was so selfish that he decided to leave her.

4. Many people came to the fair. The compound was full.

So many people came to the fair that the compound was full.

5. I cannot effort it. The material is expensive.

The material is so expensive that I cannot effort it.

 

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