A Good Writer

Use:           

to show an action is very near to happening

Form:          

(Present)     am, is, are   + about to + V1

(Past)             was, were   + about to + V1

(Future)         will be        + about to + V1

                                                    about to + be + V3        -Passive

rSwfcsuf/      / ay;xm;0gus&Sdtcsdefjy clause bufrS Verb onf (V1=Present) jzpfu am, is, are ukdokH;/ (V2=Past) jzpfu was,were ukdokH;/ tem*gwfumvukdjyqkdu will be ukdokH;/ to aemufwGif V1 &kd;&kd;jzpf&rnf/  e.g.

1. When the rain starts, the farmers (plough) the fields.

When the rain starts, the farmers are about to plough the fields.

2. "Thura", his father said angrily, "I (hit) you."

"Thura", his father said angrily, "I am/will be about to hit you

3. She (fall) down when I caught hold of her hand.

She was about to fall down when I caught hold of her hand.

4. The naughty boy (beat) by his father when his mother requested husband not to do so.

The naughty boy was about to be beaten by his father when his mother requested husband not to do so.

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Forms:          

(+) either        + S/V/O/A/C /Cl+ or      + S/V/O/A/C/Cl     (II=I)

(+) neither     + S/V/O/A/C /Cl+ nor   + S/V/O/A/C/Cl     (II=0)

rSwfcsuf/      /ay;xm;0gus&SdrwlonfYclause element ESpfckkukkd&SmNyD;quf/Positive Statement 0gusrsm; jzpfu either…or ukdokH;/ Negative Statement 0gusrsm;jzpfuneither…nor ukdokH;/subject ESpfckqufvQif verb onf teD;qkH; subject ESifY enf;^rsm;nD&rnf/ Verbtykdif;ukdqufygu main verb ukdomquf/ neither…nor ukdokH;ygu notukdjyefrxnfU&/clause element ESifYtwGJvkdufjzpfaeaom article(a,an,the), possessive (my, his, our..), preposition (by,with..), modifiers ponfYwkdYukdbkHxkwfra&;&/

e.g.

1. You are to pay for this book. I am to pay for this book.

Either you or I am to pay for this book.

2. I don't eat beef. My sister doesn't eat beef.

Neither I nor my sister eats beef.

3. Thura will leave tomorrow. Thura will stay another week.

Thura will either leave tomorrow or stay another week.

4. Thura is not in class today. Thura is not at home today.

Thura is neither in class nor at home today.

5. Putao can't be reached by car. Putao can't be reached by train.

Putao can be reached neither by car nor by train.

6. Take medicine. Go to see a doctor.

Either take medicine or go to see a doctor.

7. Do not jump. Do not run.

Neither jump nor run.

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Use:               to show result

Form:           so + Adj/Adv + that + Sent.      

rSwfcsuf/      /Adj/Adv a&SUwGif (very, too, quite, rather, extremely ponfwkdYygvmujzKwf)so xnfU/ 0gusESpfckMum; that xnfY/

(many, much, few… ponfwkdYonfvnf; Adjective jzpfaMumif;owdjyKyg/)

e.g.

1. Thura is very clever. He can answer all the questions.

Thura is so clever that he can answer all the questions.

2. Thura played the guitar quite well. Everybody was pleased with him.

Thura played the guitar so well that everybody was pleased with him.

(purpose>

Thura played the guitar well so that everybody was pleased with him.)

3. She was rather selfish. He decided to leave her.

She was so selfish that he decided to leave her.

4. Many people came to the fair. The compound was full.

So many people came to the fair that the compound was full.

5. I cannot effort it. The material is expensive.

The material is so expensive that I cannot effort it.

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Forms:         Although                 +                     Sentence

                        In spite of                +                     N (phr)/ Ving

rSwfcsuf/      / Although tpjyK0gus&Sd main verb ukd Ving ajymif;? (okdY) Adj (phr) ukd Noun (phr) okdYajymif;NyD; In spite of jzifYtpjyKjyefa&;yg/

e.g.     

1. Although she is very clever, she is not successful.

In spite of her cleverness, she is not successful. (noun phrase)

In spite of being clever, she is not successful. (Ving)

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Forms:         may / must + (not) + V1                        -Active

                        may / must + (not) + be + V3              -Passive

rSwfcsuf/      /usdef;ao?rjzpfraeaqmif&GufjyKvkyf&rnfqkdygu  must ukdokH;? jzpfaumif;jzpfrnf[k oabm&ygu(okdY) qkawmif;pum;^cGifYjyKcsufawmif;cHaomtar;0gusjzpfu may ukdokH;/

e.g.     

1. If you want to be healthy you (not smoke and drink).

If you want to be healthy you must not smoke and drink.

2. Skeletons of dinosaurs (find) in the sea.

Skeletons of dinosaurs may be found in the sea.

3. It (rain), you better take an umbrella.

It may rain, you better take an umbrella.

4. I (come) in?

May I come in?

5. You (try) hard to win the first prize.

You must try hard to win the first prize.

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